Method of and apparatus for compressing fluid



B. SUCZEK.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING F'LUID.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 1917.

/ Patented J 11116 29, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

B LU

R. SUCZEK.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING FLUID.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3, IBM.-

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING FLUID.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3 I911.

Patented J 11116 29, 1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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UNITED" STATES.

PATENT OFFICER.-

BOBERT SUCZEK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO C. H. WHEELER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- 'rIoN or; PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING- FLUID.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT SUGZEK, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Methods of and Apparatus for Compressing Fluid, of which the followin a is a specification.

y invention relates to a method of and apparatus for compressing elastic fluid, such as air, gas, vapor, or a mixture of them, and

, involves the ejector principle in accordance with which a motive fluid entrains the fluid to be compressed, and after entrainment diminishes in velocity while rising in pressure. I

It is the object of my invention to provide elastic fluid compressin apparatus operating upon the aforesai ejector principle, whereby the efficiency shall be materially improved by employment of a plurality of nozzles coiiperating with a diffuser common to them, the nozzles producing closely adjacent parallel or intersecting ets of motive fluid, which may be in the orm of sheets and which are preferably stepped or overlapped, the fluid to be compressed being detive fluid jets an livered toward the motive fluid jets in the form of a jet or sheet, all the jets, being delivered into the difiuser, which is suitably ajined or positioned with respect to the nozz es.

And my invention resides in'a method of compresslng elastic fluid by motive fluid, the latter taking the form of a plurality of closely adjacent parallelor intersecting jets or sheets, the latter preferably stepped or overlapped withrespect to each other as re-,

gards their longitudinal. movement, the elastic fluid to be compressed'beingadmitted in a sheet or jet su erimposed upon the moentrained thereby, the mixture diminishing in velocity and increasing in' pressure; and by preference the jet or sheet of elastic fluid to be compressed is isolated from one side of the motive fluid mass, a jet or sheet of which latter is directe'd along or closely adjacent to a wall of the difiuser.

For an illustration of'some of the forms my apparatus may take, and for an understanding of my method, reference may be Specification of Letters Patent.

between the ribs bei the accompanying drawings, in

view, on enlarged scale, of nozzle structure and adjuncts embodying my invention.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the apparatus. 7

. Patented June 29, 1920. Application iiled March 3. 1917. Serial No. 152.294.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary cross sectional,

view of a discharge casing with adjuncts, for any of the types of apparatus herein described, and for general application wherever suitable, wherever condensing water is admitted.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary cross sectional view taken at ri ht angles to Fig. 5.

Referring to ig. 1, there is illustrated single stage ejector apparatus in which B and B are circular or annular nozzle passages for the motive fluid, which if elastic, as in the case of steam, is expanded therein. The nozzle passage B is formed between the wall or nozzle member to and the circular nozzle member C and the' passage B is formed by the member G and the circular nozzle member C. The member C is disposed upon the end of the stem a screw threaded at 8 through a wall of the air inlet chamber A rotation of the stem 0 causing adjustment -of the nozzle member C to the right or left. The codperating nozzle member C is disposed upon a stem 0 screw threaded at 8, through a wall of the steam inlet chamber'A, rotation of the stem 7 0 serving for adjustment of the member C to the right or left. The stem 0 is hollow,

at least at the end adjacent the member C and has a plurality of ports ;0 communicating with the steam inlet A, these ports preferably being of ample area so that there shall exist within the stem 0 steam pressure substantially ual to that in the steam inlet chamber A. The stem '0 is supported in the 'de. g supported by a plurality of circum erentially spaced r1bs r, the space v at least great enough so that there shall exist to the left of them a steam pressure substantially equal to that in the steam inlet chamber A. Between the member C and the member w is the annular throatT of the nozzle B. At its center the member G has the throat T for the nozzle annular diffuser compr' B the nozzle member C having a projection t extending toward or into the throat T.

Common to the nozzles B and B, is the the side wall members H and H of WhlCh the latter is shown. straight, as indicated, and wall H is inclined, as shown, the diffuser having a throat at t,. The difl'user delivers into the dischar e casing F. which has the discharge outlet The difi'user'wall H may be inte ral with or suitably joined to the air in et chamber A,, 'which'by its flange f may be connecteddirectly or indirectly through suitable connections to the chamber, as a steam condenser, fronrwhich the compressible fluid, as air or vapor, is to be removed orin which a hi h vacuum is tobe main- A commu- B and B tained. The air lnlet chamber nicates at the left of the nozzles with the common diffuser.

While the-nozzles B and 'B are adjustable independently of each other by the stems-0 and 0,, the crosssectional area of' the diffuser may also be ,changed, as by inserting or removing one or more of gaskets The mode of operation is as follows: With steam at any suitable or desired pressure delivered to the common steam inlet chamber A, steam passes at the same pressure through throats '1 and T into their respective expansion nozzles B and 00' with the air inlet chamber A The air B in and by which it is expanded in jets in the form of sheets moving'substantiall radially outward, in the example illustrate the sheet from the nozzle B passin along the inner wall of the difluser memer H and the sheet from the-nozzle B passing in' arallel plane or direction,

a substantially more or'less conical, as

tance from the outlet or mouth of the nozzle B, that is, the closely are, in the example illustrate diameters.

Similar] the air or elastic fluid to be compresse is drawn in a jet or sheet from a nozzle-like structure whose throat is indicated at the region t,. in communication adjlacent nozzles jet orsheet is in effect superimposed upon the motive fluid jets and is entrained by the latter, the resultant mixture of air and motive fluid advancing through the conthe motive fluid inlet is onthe other, and

- fluid jets from that side.

'celeration of the air,there is 'available,how-

refore intersect the sheetof difierent sultabl verging portion of the common difl'u ser H,

H to 1ts throat t 'with resultant increase in pressure attained at the expense of loss of velocity. The mixture is then discharged into the casing F and delivered at atmospheric pressure or any other desired pressure through the 'outlet'F By the construction illustrated, the air inlet is on one side of the diffuser, while 75. the motive fluid jets are formed between the two, the structure afiording a uni-lateral admission of the airto the motive fluid Ijets, since the jet from the nozzle B passes along the wall H, of the diffuser, and accordmgly' no air is admitted to the motive The auxiliary jet from the nozzle vB is preferably relatively longer than the main jet from nozzle B,giving longer time, and therefore requiring less ener to accelerate the incoming air to: suitably" high velocity before coming into entraining relation with the main jet from nozzle B. Furthermore, while attaining such preliminary acever, forthe final compression a relatively shortnon-dispersing highly penetrating jet from the nozzle B. i

In Fig. 2 two apparatusof the general character illustrated inFi 1 are shown connected in series for dou 1e stage operation, whereby operation is possible at high .total ratio of com ressi on, as for example in excess of 60. din such double stage arrangement the ratios of compression in the different stages may be made equal or unequal as desired as by making the ratio of compression in thefirst stage equal to the ratio of compression in the second, or by making it less or greater.

It will be understood, however, thatthe ejector apparatus of either one of the stages may be of a different type than herein disclosed, and may be of any suitable type in which the motive fluid is elastic or a liquid,

as water. I

There is .illustrated in F' 2 further structure which is also availab e in connection with that shown in Figs. 1 and 4, com- Brising the annular air conducting member the o"ening in which decreases in cross section rom the air inlet chamber A to.- ward the steam jets. This'member may be adjusted toward the right or the left by adjusting the screws 8,, 8,, as by j partial y withdrawing one and advancing the other. By such adjustment the cross sectional area of the annular air throat at t, may be adjusted to'suit various operating conditions. i

The discharge outlet F of the upper orfirst sta e delivers into the intake chamber- A. of t e second stage, the mixture of air and motive fluid then being operated upon in the second stage, 'as described in connection with Fig. 1, and raised in pressure and delivered .to the discharge casing F which has the discharge outlet F 3 to atmospheric pressure or any other desired pressure.

In both Figs. 1 and 2 the nozzles B are of larger diameter or longer than the nozzles 13 and it is preferred that the thickness of the jet from the nozzle B shall exceed that from the nozzle B In Fig. 3 is shown a structure similar to those hereinbefore described, in that the nozzles all discharge into the common "diffuser H Here again the nozzle members are indicated at C and C the motive fluid being delivered to the passages I and I from a common steam inlet as before, if desired, while-the air or fluid to be compressed is drawn in through the passage I In this structure the nozzle members C and C, differ in their diameters to greater extent. And while my invention is not limited thereto, in this structure the annular diffuser H is to some extent conical and in alinement with the nozzles.

In Fig. 4 is shown a single stage apparatus of the same general character in which the nozzles B and B are of substantially the same diameters or lengths, and the jets produced thereby are substantially equal in thickness. And in this case both walls II and H of the diffuser are inclined, the steam inlet A in this instance being at the left and the air inlet A at the right.

As illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, there may be disposed upon the discharge casing F of any of the ejector apparatus herein disclosed, or any other type of ejector apparatus having similar discharge casing, an annular or circumferentially extending chamber E into which water or other suitable cooling liquid is delivered through one or more passages G. Communicating with the chamber E is a circumferential seriesof injection nozzles n through which cooling liquid 'is delivered into the casing F, where it operates upon the motive fluid, as steam, to condense the same, the latent heat of the steam serving to raise the temperature of the water which may be utilized for any suitable purpose, as for example, the feed water of a steam boiler. I

It will be understood that the proportions of the various nozzles, diffuser, etc., of my apparatus will be varied separately or collectively to suit various operating conditions. I

By the method and structure ofthe character herein described, elastic fluid may be compressed in a single stage apparatus to a pressure whose ratio to the pressure of the fluid before compression is 30 or more; and in double stage the ratio of compression at tainable is and hlgher.

The method and apparatus may be employed for removing air from a steam condenser; in connection with a refrigerating or other suitable liquid; or steam or any other suitable elastic motive fluid, as air, vapor, or gas, or a mixture of them, under suitable pressure. And where steam is employed as the motive fluid, it may be live steam of any suitable pressure; or it may be exhaust steam from engines, turbines, etc., which may be of a pressure even below 1 atmospheric.

What I claim is: 1. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing a motive fluid jet, entraining elastic fluid thereby, producing a second motive fluid jet closely adj acent to said first named jet and separated from the elastic'fluid by said firstnamed jet, and increasing the pres sure\ of the mixture by decreasing its velocity. i

2. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing closely adjacent motive fluid jets overlapping each other in the direction of their v flow, entraining the elastic fluid in the sur- ,face of one of said jets free from the other jet, said one of said'jets lying between the elastic fluid and the other motive fluid jet, and'increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

3. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing a jet of elastic motive fluid in the form of a thin sheet, entraining thereby elastic fluid to be compressed, producing a second jet of elastic motive fluid in the form of a thin sheet overlying said first named jet and separated thereby from said elastic fluid, and increasing the pressure of the the mixture in sheet form by decreasing its I 5. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing superimposed ets of elastic motive fluid in the form of thin sheets overlapping each other in the direction of their flow, entraining the elastic fluid to be compressed in one of saidjets free from the other jet, said one panding elastic motive fluid in a jet flowing along a wall and in contact therewith, superimposing upon said jet a second jet of elastic motive fluid, entraining the elastic fluid to be compressed in said second jet which separates the elastic motive fluid from said first named jet, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

7. The' method of compressing elastic fluid ina single stage, which consists in expanding elastic motive fluid in a jet flowing along a wall and in contact therewith, superimposing upon said jet a second jet of elastic motive fluid overlapping said first named jet in the direction of its flow, entraining the. elastic fluid to be compressed in said second jet which separates the elastic motive fluid from said first named jet, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

8. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in expanding elastic motive fluid along a wall in a jet in the form of a disk, superimposing upon said jet a second jet of elastic motive fluid in the form of a disk, entraining elastic motive fluid to be compressed in said second jet which lies between said first named jet and said elastic fluid to be compressed, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

9. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in expanding elastic motlve fluid along a wall in.

a jet in the form of a disk, superimposing upon said jet a second jet of elastic motive fluid in the form of a disk overlapping said first named jet in the direction of their flow, entraining elastic motive fluid t o be compressed in said second jet whili lies between said first named jet and said elastic fluid to be compressed, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

10. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing closely adjacent motive fluid jets overlapping each other in the direction of their flow, entraining the elastic fluid in the surface of "one of said jets free from the other jet, said one of said jets lying between the elastic fluid and the other motive fluid pressed and the other motive fluid jet, saidother motive fluid jet being thicker than said one jet, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

12. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing superimposed jets of motive fluid in the form of disks, one of said jets having part of its surface isolated from the elastic fluid to be compressed and between which fluid to be compressed and said one of said jets another of said jets is interposed, admitting the elastic fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, and increasing the pressure of the mix ture by decreasing its velocity.

13. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in producing superimposed jets of motive fluid overlapping each other in the direction of their flow, one of-said jets having part of its surface isolated from the elastic fluid. and between which and said one of said jets of motive fluid another of said jets of motive fluid is interposed, admitting the elastic fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

14. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage, which consists in expanding elastic motive fluid in superimposed jets overlapping each other in the direction of their flow, isolating the elastic fluid to be compressed from a part of the surface of one of said jets, and admitting the elasticfluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, and increasing the pressure of-the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

15. The method of compressing elastic fluid in a single stage from an absolute pressure of two inches or less to atmospheric pressure or higher, which consists in producing superimposed jets of motive fluid overla ping each other in the direction of their ow, entraining the elastic fluid to be compressed by one of said jetswhich separates said elastic fluid to be compressed from another 'et, and increasing the pressure of the mlxture by decreasing its velocity.

16. The method of; compressing elastic fluid with a total ratio of. compression upward of sixty in double stage operation,

' which consists in producing in each stage superimposedjets of motive fluid overlapping each' other in the direction of their flow, entraining the elastic fluid to be compressed by one of said jets which separates said elastic fluid to be compressed from another. jet, and increasing the pressure of the mixture by decreasing its velocity.

' 17. Ejector apparatus comprising an inletfor fluid to be compressed, an inlet for mo tive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent annular motive fluid nozzles communicating with said inlet for motive fluid, a diffuser common to said nozzles, and means for conducting the fluid to be compressed from said first named inlet to a passage formed between one of said nozzles and one side of said diffuser.

18. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent annular motive fluid nozzles communicating with said inlet for 'motive fluid and overlapping each other, a diifuser common to said nozzles, and means for conducting the fluid to be compressed from said first named inlet to a passage formed between one of said nozzles and one side of said diffuser.

19. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closelyadjacent nozzles delivering superimposed jets of motive fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, and a diffuser common-to said nozzles and having a wall forming a continuation of a wall of one of said nozzles.

20. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent nozzles delivering superimposed intersecting jets of motive fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets,

and a diffuser common to said nozzles and having a wall forming a continuation of a wall oiione of said nozzles.

21. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be. compressed, an inlet for 1110- tive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent nozzles delivering superimposed jets of mo tive fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, and a diffuser common to said nozzles, one of said motive fluid nozzles deliverin its jet closely adjaeent'to 'a wall of said'di user.

22. Ejector apparatus comprisingan inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent nozzles delivering superimposed intersecting jets of motive fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle "let for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent nozzles delivering superimposed jets of mot1ve fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said motive fluid jets, a difluser common to said nozzles, and means for adjustin said last named nozzle.

24:. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be'compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely. adjacent nozzles delivering superimposed jets of motive fluid, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet su erimposed upon said motive fluid jets, a difluse'r common to said nozzles, and means for adjustin the throat of said last named'nozzle. 25. jector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent overlapping nozzles delivering superim.- posed jets of motive fluid overlapping each other in the. direction of their flow, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superim osed upon said motive fluid jets, and a-di user common to said nozzles and having a wall forming a continuation of the wall of one of said nozzles.'

26. Ejector apparatus comprising an inlet for fluid to be compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of closely adjacent overlapping nozzles delivering superimposed jets of motive fluid overlapping each other in the direction of their flow, a closely adjacent nozzle delivering fluid to be compressed in a jet superimposed upon said mo- .tive fluid jets, and a diffuser common to said nozzles, one of said motive fluid nozzles delivering its jet closely adjacent to a wall of said difluser.

27. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular difi'user and annular nozzle structure associated therewith comprising "nozzle members separated from each other to form within said support.

28. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular difi'user and annular nozzle structure associated therewith comprising nozzle members separated from each other to form a nozzle passage, a support for one of said nozzle members having va chamber, the

throat of the 'nozzle'formed within said one of said nozzle membersand communicating with the. chamber in said support, and a motive fluid chamber-inwhich said support is disposed, said support being perforated to afi'ord communication between said motive inalinement therewith, a wall of saiddiffuser being substantially parallel to the jet motive fluid, a pluralit delivered by said nozzle, another wall of said difl'user being inclined with respect to said first named wall, and a passage for fluid to be compressed to one side of said nozzle and delivering into said diffuser.

30. Ejector apparatus comprising a plurality of motive fluid nozzles, a nozzle member common to neighboring nozzles, and

passages for "motive fluid to said nozzles outside of and inside of said nozzle member. 31. Ejector apparatus comprising an -in-' let for fluid to be compressed, an lnlet for of annular nozzles receiving motive fluid rom said last named inlet, a diffuser. common to said nozzles, and

an annular memberv forming communication between said first named inlet and said diffuser.

32. Ejector a let for fluid to e compressed, an inlet for motive fluid, a plurality of annular nozzles receiving motive fluid from said last named inlet, a difi'user common to said nozzles, an annular member forming communication between said first named inlet and said diffuser, and means for adjusting the position of said annular member.

33. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular difl'user and cooperating annular nozzles comprising adjacent nozzle members spaced from each other to form nozzle passages, one of said nozzle members being common to neighboring nozzles, and means for adjusting said .pne of said nozzle members with respect to the neighboring nozzle members.. v

34. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular diffuser and cooperating annular nozzles comprising adjacent" nozzle members spaced from each other to form nozzle passages, one of said nozzle members being common to neighboring nozzles, and means for adjusting said one oi saidnozzle members w th respect-to the neighboring nozzle. members, one of said nozzle passages being inclined with respect toa neighboring nozzlepassage.

35. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular difiuser and cooperating annular nozzles comprising ad'acent .nozzle members spaced from each ot er to form nozzle passages, one! of said nozzle members being paratus comprising an inen e? common to neighboring nozzles, and means W for adjusting said one of said nozzle members with respect to theneighboring nozzle members, one of said nozzle passages overlapping a neighboring nozzle passage.

37. Nozzle structure comprising a hollow nozzle member, .throat therein, a cooperating nozzle me er having a projection extending toward said throat, a third member spaced from said first named member to form a second nozzle, motive fluid connections with said second nozzle and with the interior of said hollow nozzle member, and means for adjusting the positions of said nozzle members. A 4

38. Radial flow ejector apparatus comprising an annular difl'user, a motive fluid inlet on one side, an inlet for fluid to be compressed on the other side, and a plurality of annular nozzles producing jets of motive fluid between said inlets and discharging into said difl'user. 39. Radial flow ejector apparatus comprising an annular difi'user, a motive fluid inlet on one side, an inlet for fluid to be compressed on the other side, a plurality of annular nozzles producing jets of motive fluid between said inlets and discharging into said diffuser, and a passage for fluid to be compressed decreasing. in area toward the interior of said hollow nozzle member. N

fluid to be compressed on the other side, a

plurality of annular nozzles roducin jets of motivefiuid between said inlets an discharging nto salddifi'user, and aconnection .from the difl'user of one-stage to the inlet for the fluid to be. compressed of another tage I, 42. Ejector apparatus comprisin fuser and: a-pluralityof motive fluif nozzles discharging into said difl'user, said nozzles a. dif-' comprislng members spaced from each other to form nozzle passages, one of said nozzle members beingcommon to neighboring nozzles, and a nozzle member for one of the nozzle passa es forming a continuation of a wall of said diffuser.

43. Ejector apparatus comprising a diffuser and a plurality of nozzles discharging into the same, said nozzles comprising nozzle members spaced from each other to form nozzle passages, one of said nozzle members being common to neighboring nozzle passages, and means for adjusting a plurality of said nozzle members.

4:4. Ejector apparatus comprising an an,- nular diffuser and cooperating annular nozzles, said nozzles comprising nozzle members spaced from each other to formnozzle passages, one of said nozzle members being. common to nei hboring nozzles, means for adjusting sai one nozzle member, and means for adjusting another of said nozzle members with respect to said one nozzle member,

45. Multi-stage ejector apparatus comprising. serially connected e ectors, one of -said ejectors comprising an annular diffuser and cooperating annular nozzles, said nozzles comprising nozzle members spaced from each, other to form closely ad acent nozzle passages, one of said nozzle members being common to neighboring nozzles.

46. Ejector apparatus comprising an annular diffuser and cooperating annular nozzles, said nozzles comprising nozzle members spaced from each other to form nozzle passages,'one of said nozzlemembers being common to neighboring nozzles, a support I for said one of said nozzle. members having a chamber and a passage communicating with said chamber and with one of the nozzle passages, and a motive fluid chamber surrounding said support and communicating with another of the nozzle passages and through said chamber in said support with said one of the nozzle passages.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto afiixed my signature this 28th day of February, 1917. i

' ROBERT SUCZEK. 

